A contact model for rough crushable sand

Sand roughness is now accessible to measurement. Incorporating this parameter into sand models using the discrete element method (DEM) known improve bulk small strain response. In work we explore effect on problems where particle crushing takes place. A well-established DEM model and a rough Hertzian contact are here combined incorporate both effects in single model. Including results stronger particles whilst all other material parameters being equal. The then used simulate high pressure oedometric compression tests strong silica sand. It shown that including realistic values of surface enables correctly capture load-unload behaviour size distribution evolution while elastic properties for grains. Roughness refinement may result simpler, more objective calibrations.